Difference between turbocharger and supercharger

Both turbocharger and supercharger are forced induction device. Turbocharger and superchargers both compresses air into the engine and ultimately boosts the engine as larger amount of air results in larger quantity of fuel in the engine.

Both turbochargers and superchargers boost of around 0.4 to 0.5 atm. So it provides a boost of 50% theoretically. Since the machine is not efficient therefore 30-40% boost is obtained.

The key difference between a turbocharger and a supercharger is its power supply . Something has
to supply the power to run the air compressor. In a supercharger, there is a belt that connects directly to the engine. It gets its power the same
way that the water pump or alternator does. A turbocharger, on the other hand, gets its power from the exhaust stream . The exhaust runs through a turbine , which in turn spins the
compressor.

Theoretically, turbochargers are more efficient as they work on the exhaust of the  engine, whereas the supercharger works on the engine power so its efficiency is lower than the former one. Turbochargers causes some amount of back pressure in the exhaust so provide less boost until the engine is running on high rpm. But superchargers are easy to install but are more expensive